رئیس
rajis-ɛ
boss-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
جمهوری
dʒamhur-i-jɛ
republic-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
افغانستان
afɣʌnɛstʌn
Afghanistan
در
dar
in
روز
ruz-ɛ
day-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
معلم
malem
teacher
شورشیان
ʃurɛʃ-jʌn
revolutionary-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
به
ba
to
صلح
sʊlh
peace
دعوت
dawat
invitation
کرد
kard
do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
رئیس
rajis-ɛ
boss-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
جمهوری
dʒamhur-i-jɛ
republic-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
افغانستان
afɣʌnɛstʌn
Afghanistan
در
dar
in
روز
ruz-ɛ
day-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
معلم
malem
teacher
از
az
from
شورشیان
ʃurɛʃ-jʌn
revolutionary-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
به
ba
to
عنوان
ɛnwʌn-ɛ
title-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
"
مخالفان
mʊxʌlɛf-ʌn-ɛ
opposition-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
سیاسی
sijʌsi
political
"
نام
nʌm
name
برد
bʊrd
carry.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
و
wa
and
از
az
from
آنها
ʌnhʌ
3P.PRON
خواست
xwʌst
want.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
در
dar
in
تامین
tamin-ɛ
securing-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
تامینProperly, this Arabic word should be spelled تأمین, where the أ always makes the [a]
sound. It is often written with a plain ا instead, though, which makes it look as
if the ا is making the [ʌ] sound.
صلح
sʊlh
peace
همکاری
ham-kʌr-i
also-work-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).
همکاریهمکار means ‘also-work’, or ‘coworker’. Adding the NOM suffix makes it an abstract
noun: ‘cooperation’.
کنند
kʊn-and
do-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
.
اشرف
aʃraf
Ashraf
غنی
ɣani
Ghani
احمدزی
ahmadzaj
Ahmadzai
در
dar
in
سخنانی
sʊxan-ʌn-e
speech-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.
در
dar
in
مراسم
marʌsɛm-ɛ
ceremony-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
بزرگداشت
bʊzʊrgdʌʃt-ɛ
celebration-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
روز
ruz-ɛ
day-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
معلم
malem
teacher
گفت
gʊft
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
: "
این‌جا
in-dʒʌ
this-place
برای
barʌjɛ
for
مخالفان
mʊxʌlɛf-ʌn-ɛ
opposition-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
سیاسی
sijʌsi
political
پیامی
pajʌm-e
message-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”
دارم
dʌr-am
have-1SFirst person singular. In English this would be either “I” or “me.” When this occurs
at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “I.” When this
occurs on a noun, it means “my.”
:
هم
ham
also
خود
xʊd
own
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
و
wa
and
هم
ham
also
کودکانتان
kodɛk-ʌn-ɛtʌn
child-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-2PSecond person plural. In English this would be “you.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “you.” When this occurs on
a noun, it means “your.” (English doesn't have a different word for plural “you” except—for
some people—“y'all.”)
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
از
az
from
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ
instruction
محروم
mahrum
deprivation
کردید
kard-ed
do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-2PSecond person plural. In English this would be “you.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “you.” When this occurs on
a noun, it means “your.” (English doesn't have a different word for plural “you” except—for
some people—“y'all.”)
.
دست
dast
hand
بدهید
bɛ-dɛh-ed
SUBJSubjunctive. This prefix attaches to the present tense stem of the verb and turns
it into a subjunctive.-give-2PSecond person plural. In English this would be “you.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “you.” When this occurs on
a noun, it means “your.” (English doesn't have a different word for plural “you” except—for
some people—“y'all.”)
که
ke
that
در
dar
in
این
in
this
خاک
xʌk
soil
خاکIn everyday Dari, ‘dirt’ would be the best gloss for this work, but in this collections
of texts, the word is always used to refer to the land of a country. ‘Soil’ is a good
compromise gloss for that.
صلح
sʊlh
peace
بیاوریم
bij-ʌwar-em
SUBJSubjunctive. This prefix attaches to the present tense stem of the verb and turns
it into a subjunctive.-bring-1PFirst person plural. In English this would be either “we” or “us.” When this occurs
at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “we.” When this
occurs on a noun, it means “our.”
."
او
u
3S
تاکید
takid
emphasis
کرد
kard
do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
: "
صلح
sʊlh
peace
خواست
xwʌst-ɛ
wish-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
هر
har
every
کودک
kodɛk
child
است
ast
is
.
بدون
bɛdun-ɛ
outside.of-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
صلح
sʊlh
peace
ثبات
sʊbʌt
stability
نمی‌آید
na-mij-ʌ-jad
NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and
the past continuous tense.-come-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
.
نمی‌خواهیم
na-me-xwʌh-em
NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and
the past continuous tense.-want-1PFirst person plural. In English this would be either “we” or “us.” When this occurs
at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “we.” When this
occurs on a noun, it means “our.”
سالی
sʌl-e
year-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”
پنج
pandʒ
five
میلیارد
miljʌrd
billion
میلیاردThis is an Iranian word (borrowed originally from French).
دلار
dʊlʌr
dollar
دلارThis is an Iranian word; the Dari spelling and pronunciation is دالر [dʌlar].
در
dar
in
عرصه
arsa-jɛ
department-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
امنیت
amnijat
security
مصرف
masraf
spend
کنیم
kʊn-im
do-1PFirst person plural. In English this would be either “we” or “us.” When this occurs
at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “we.” When this
occurs on a noun, it means “our.”
،
می‌خواهیم
me-xwʌh-em
CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and
the past continuous tense.-want-1PFirst person plural. In English this would be either “we” or “us.” When this occurs
at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “we.” When this
occurs on a noun, it means “our.”
سالی
sʌl-e
year-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”
پنج
pandʒ
five
میلیارد
miljʌrd
billion
دلار
dʊlʌr
dollar
در
dar
in
زمینه
zamina-jɛ
basis-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ
instruction
و
wa
and
پرورش
parwarɛʃ
nurturing
آموزش و پرورشThis is a fixed phrase referring to the education of children.
،
بهداشت
bɛhdʌʃt
hygiene
و
wa
and
ساخت
sʌxt
making
و
o
and
ساز
sʌz
making
ساخت و سازThis is a fixed phrase, referring to construction.
مصرف
masraf
spend
کنیم
kʊn-im
do-1PFirst person plural. In English this would be either “we” or “us.” When this occurs
at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “we.” When this
occurs on a noun, it means “our.”
."
آقای
ʌqʌ-jɛ
Mr.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
احمدزی
ahmadzaj
Ahmadzai
پیش
peʃ
before
از
az
from
این
in
this
در
dar
in
سخنرانی
sʊxanrʌni-jɛ
speech-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
خود
xʊd
own
در
dar
in
روز
ruz-ɛ
day-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
عید
id-ɛ
Eid-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
قربان
qʊrbʌn
Qorban
هم
ham
also
خطاب
xɛtʌb
address
خطاب بهThis is perhaps equivalent to ‘addressing’. The idea is that the speaker is speaking
to the revolutionaries (even though they are not actually present at the meeting).
به
ba
to
شورشیان
ʃurɛʃ-jʌn
revolutionary-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
گفته
gʊft-a
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.
بود
bud
be.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
"
جنگ
dʒang
war
راه
rʌh-ɛ
path-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
حل
hal
solution
نیست
nest
is.not
"
و
wa
and
دولت
dawlat-ɛ
government-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
او
u
3S
برای
barʌjɛ
for
تحقق
tahaqʊq-ɛ
securing-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
صلح
sʊlh
peace
اراده
ɛrʌda-jɛ
will-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
محکمی
mahkam-e
firm-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”
دارد
dʌr-ad
have-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
.
آقای
ʌqʌ-jɛ
Mr.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
احمدزی
ahmadzaj
Ahmadzai
در
dar
in
ادامه
ɛdʌma-jɛ
continue-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
سخنان
sʊxan-ʌn-ɛ
speech-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
خود
xʊd
own
در
dar
in
روز
ruz-ɛ
day-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
معلم
malem
teacher
،
بهبود
bɛhbud-ɛ
well.being-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
کیفیت
kajfijat-ɛ
circumstances-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ
instruction
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
هدف
hadaf-ɛ
goal-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
پنج
pandʒ
five
سال
sʌl-ɛ
year-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
حکومتش
hʊkumat-ɛʃ
government-3SG
عنوان
ɛnwʌn
title
عنوان کردنMore idiomatically ‘to call’, or literally ‘to (en)title’.
کرد
kard
do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
و
wa
and
خطاب
xɛtʌb
address
به
ba
to
آموزگاران
ʌmʊzgʌr-ʌn
teacher-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
آموزگارThis is the Iranian word; in Afghanistan [معلم] [mʊalɛm] is used.
گفت
gʊft
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
: "
آنچه
ʌntʃɛ
that.which
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
شما
ʃʊmʌ
you.pl
تولید
tawlid
begetting
تولید‘Producing’ would be a more neutral gloss. This is related to words such as تولد [tawalʊd]
‘birth’, though.
می‌کنید
me-kʊn-ed
CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and
the past continuous tense.-do-2PSecond person plural. In English this would be “you.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “you.” When this occurs on
a noun, it means “your.” (English doesn't have a different word for plural “you” except—for
some people—“y'all.”)
،
جامعه
به
ba
to
آن
ʌn
that
نیاز
nijʌz
need
ندارد
na-dʌr-ad
NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-have-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
.
ما
mʌ
1p
باید
bʌjad
must
به
ba
to
صورت
surat-ɛ
appearance-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
بنیادی
bʊnjʌd-i-jɛ
foundation-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
نظام
nɛzʌm-ɛ
military/system-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزشی
ʌmuzɛʃ-i
instruction-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
خود
xʊd
own
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
طوری
tawr-e
manner-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.
آماده
ʌmʌda
ready
کنیم
kʊn-im
do-1PFirst person plural. In English this would be either “we” or “us.” When this occurs
at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “we.” When this
occurs on a noun, it means “our.”
که
ke
that
هر
har
every
فارغ‌التحصیل
fʌrɛɣʊltahsil
graduate
کلاس
kɛlʌs-ɛ
class-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
نهم
nʊhʊm
ninth
یا
jʌ
or
دوازدهم
dawʌzdahʊm
twelfth
بتواند
bɛ-tawʌn-ad
SUBJSubjunctive. This prefix attaches to the present tense stem of the verb and turns
it into a subjunctive.-able-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
صاحب
sʌhɛb-ɛ
master-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
کار
kʌr
work
شود
ʃaw-ad
become-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
."
رئیس
rajis-ɛ
boss-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
جمهوری
dʒamhur-i-jɛ
republic-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
افغانستان
afɣʌnɛstʌn
Afghanistan
افزود
afzud
add.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
: "
امروز
ɛmruz
today
مشکل
mʊʃkɛl-ɛ
difficulty-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
اصلی
asl-i-jɛ
origin-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
ما
mʌ
1p
و
wa
and
شما
ʃʊmʌ
you.pl
آن
ʌn
that
است
ast
is
که
ke
that
برای
barʌjɛ
for
فارغ‌التحصیلان
fʌrɛɣʊltahsil-ʌn-ɛ
graduate-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
کلاس
kɛlʌs-ɛ
class-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
دوازدهم
dawʌzdahʊm-ɛ
twelfth-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
ما
mʌ
1p
فرصت
fʊrsat-ɛ
opportunity-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
کار
kʌr
work
نیست
nest
is.not
.
وارد
wʌrɛd-ɛ
entrance-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
دانشگاهها
dʌnɛʃgʌ-hʌ
university-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
که
ke
that
نشدند
na-ʃʊd-and
NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
،
بیکار
be-kʌr
without-work
می‌مانند
me-mʌn-and
CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and
the past continuous tense.-remain-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
."
- This is a very typical way to make an if-then sentence in more colloquial Dari. The meaning is, “If they do not enter universities, they will remain unemployed.” (Literally, “That they don't enter universities, they remain unemployed.”)
آقای
ʌqʌ-jɛ
Mr.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
احمدزی
ahmadzaj
Ahmadzai
گفت
gʊft
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
: "
برنامه
barnʌma-jɛ
program-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزشی
ʌmuzɛʃ-i-jɛ
instruction-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
ما
mʌ
1p
باید
bʌjad
must
تغییر
taɣir-ɛ
change-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
بنیادی
bʊnjʌd-i
foundation-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
کند
kʊn-ad
do-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
"
و
wa
and
افزود
afzud
add.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
افغانستان
afɣʌnɛstʌn
Afghanistan
همه
hama
all
چیز
tʃiz
thing
دارد
dʌr-ad
have-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
،
ولی
wali
but
تنها
tanhʌ
only
چیزی
tʃiz-e
thing-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.
که
ke
that
ندارد
na-dʌr-ad
NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-have-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
، "
سرمایه
sarmʌja-jɛ
capital-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
انسانی
ɛnsʌn-i
human-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
"
است
ast
is
.
او
u
3S
نظام
nɛzʌm-ɛ
military/system-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزشی
ʌmuzɛʃ-i
instruction-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
"
مرکز
markaz-ɛ
center-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
تولید
tawlid-ɛ
begetting-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
سرمایه
sarmʌja-jɛ
capital-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
انسانی
ɛnsʌn-i
human-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
"
خواند
xʌnd
call.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
.
رئیس
rajis-ɛ
boss-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
جمهوری
dʒamhur-i-jɛ
republic-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
افغانستان
afɣʌnɛstʌn
Afghanistan
بر
bar
on
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ-ɛ
instruction-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
"
احکام
ahkʌm-ɛ
commands-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
احکامArabic plural of حکم [hʊkm].
اسلامی
ɛslʌm-i
Islam-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
"
و
wa
and
تقویت
taqwijat-ɛ
strengthening-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
"
روحیه
ruhja-jɛ
morale-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
وطن‌پرستی
watan-parast-i
homeland-worship-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
وطن‌پرستیThis is an example where you need to be cautious in interpreting the bits of the word.
[parast] can indeed mean ‘worship,’ but here the sense is clearly something more like
respect or veneration.
"
در
dar
in
نظام
nɛzʌm-ɛ
military/system-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزشی
ʌmuzɛʃ-i
instruction-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
تاکید
takid
emphasis
کرد
kard
do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
و
wa
and
گفت
gʊft
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
دانش‌آموزان
dʌnɛʃ-ʌmuz-ʌn
wisdom-learn-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
دانش‌آموزThis is a more Iranian word for ‘student.’
از
az
from
کلاس
kɛlʌs-ɛ
class-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
اول
awal
first
تا
tʌ
until
کلاس
kɛlʌs-ɛ
class-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
دوازدهم
dawʌzdahʊm
twelfth
باید
bʌjad
must
احکام
ahkʌm-ɛ
commands-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
اسلامی
ɛslʌm-i
Islam-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
فرا
farʌ
forward
بگیرند
bɛ-gir-and
SUBJSubjunctive. This prefix attaches to the present tense stem of the verb and turns
it into a subjunctive.-take-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
فرا گرفتنThis can mean ‘to master’ or metaphorically ‘ to learn.’
و
wa
and
با
bʌ
with
تاریخ
tʌrix-ɛ
date/history-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
کشور
kɛʃwar
country
هم
ham
also
آشنا
ʌʃnʌ
acquainted
شوند
ʃaw-and
become-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
تا
tʌ
until
انسانهایی
ɛnsʌn-hʌ-je
human-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.
وطن‌پرست
watan-parast
homeland-worship
بار
bʌr
occasion
بیایند
bij-ʌ-jand
SUBJSubjunctive. This prefix attaches to the present tense stem of the verb and turns
it into a subjunctive.-come-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
بار آوردنThis means ‘to produce.’
.
آقای
ʌqʌ-jɛ
Mr.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
احمدزی
ahmadzaj
Ahmadzai
وعده
wada
promise
داد
dʌd
give.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
برای
barʌjɛ
for
بهبود
bɛhbud-ɛ
well.being-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
شرایط
ʃarʌjɛt-ɛ
terms-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
شرایطArabic plural of شرط [ʃart].
زندگی
zɛnda-gi-jɛ
alive-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”). -EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزگاران
ʌmʊzgʌr-ʌn
teacher-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
به
ba
to
منظور
manzur-ɛ
goal-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
تمرکز
tamarkʊz-ɛ
concentration-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آنان
ʌn-ʌn
that-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
بر
bar
on
ارتقای
ɛrtɛqʌ-jɛ
promotion-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
کیفیت
kajfijat-ɛ
circumstances-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ
instruction
،
مشوق‌هایی
mʊʃawɛq-hʌ-je
encouragement-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.
در
dar
in
نظر
nazar
observation
داشته
dʌʃt-a
have.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.
در نظر داشتهThis means that Ghani ‘has it in mind’ to form this special commission.
که
ke
that
یک
jɛk
one
کمیسیون
kʊmisjun-ɛ
commission-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
ویژه
wiʒa
special
مسئولیت
masulijat-ɛ
responsibility-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
عملی
amal-i
action-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”
کردن
kard-an-ɛ
do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-INFInfinitive. This suffix attaches to the past tense stem to make an infinitive, like
English to in “to run” or “to swim.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آن
ʌn
that
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
به
ba
to
عهده
ʊhda
responsibility
گرفته
gɛrɛft-a
take.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.
است
ast
is
.
اصلاح
ɛslʌh-ɛ
revision-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
قانون
qʌnun-ɛ
law-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
کار
kʌr
work
،
اجرای
ɛdʒrʌ-jɛ
performance-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
حقوق
hʊquq-ɛ
rights/salary-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
حقوقArabic plural of حق [haq].
منطبق
mʊntabɛq
conforming
با
bʌ
with
وضعیت
wazijat-ɛ
situation-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
محل
mahal-ɛ
place-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
کار
kʌr
work
،
توزیع
tawzija-jɛ
distribution-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
زمین
zamin-ɛ
land-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
خانه
xʌna-jɛ
house-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
مسکونی
maskuni
residential
،
اعطای
atʌ-jɛ
grants-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
اعطاArabic plural of عطاء [atʌ].
وامهای
wʌm-hʌ-jɛ
loan-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
درازمدت
darʌz-mʊdat
long-amount.of.time
،
اصلاح
ɛslʌh-ɛ
revision-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
شیوه
ʃewa-jɛ
style-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
استخدام
ɛstɛxdʌm
recruitment
،
از
az
from
وعده‌های
wada-hʌ-jɛ
promise-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آقای
ʌqʌ-jɛ
Mr.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
احمدزی
ahmadzaj
Ahmadzai
است
ast
is
که
ke
that
به
ba
to
گفته
gʊft-a-jɛ
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
او
u
3S
،
ظرف
zarf-ɛ
timespan-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
شش
ʃaʃ
six
ماه
mʌh
month
تحقق
tahaqʊq
securing
خواهد
xwʌh-ad
will-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
یافت
jʌft
find.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
.
رئیس
rajis-ɛ
boss-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
جمهوری
dʒamhur-i-jɛ
republic-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
افغانستان
afɣʌnɛstʌn
Afghanistan
تاکید
takid
emphasis
کرد
kard
do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
با
bʌ
with
آموزگاران
ʌmʊzgʌr-ʌn
teacher-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
شوخی
ʃox-i
naughty-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).
ندارد
na-dʌr-ad
NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-have-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
شوخی نداردThis means that he is serious (i.e., he's not fooling around).
و
wa
and
گفت
gʊft
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
"
هرچه
har-tʃe
every-what
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
که
ke
that
وعده
wada
promise
داده
dʌd-a
give.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.
در
dar
in
تاریخ
tʌrix-ɛ
date/history-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
تعیین
tajin
appointment
شده
ʃʊd-a-jɛ
become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آن
ʌn
that
[
از
az
from
اجرای
ɛdʒrʌ-jɛ
performance-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آنها
ʌnhʌ
3P.PRON
]
گزارش
gʊzʌrɛʃ
report
خواهم
xwʌh-am
will-1SFirst person singular. In English this would be either “I” or “me.” When this occurs
at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “I.” When this
occurs on a noun, it means “my.”
داد
dʌd
give.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
".
آنچه
ʌntʃɛ
that.which
که
ke
that
در
dar
in
فهرست
fɛhrɛst-ɛ
catalog-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
وعده‌های
wada-hʌ-jɛ
promise-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آقای
ʌqʌ-jɛ
Mr.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
احمدزی
ahmadzaj
Ahmadzai
نبود
na-bud
NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-be.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
،
افزایش
afzʌjɛʃ-ɛ
increase-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
حقوق
hʊquq-ɛ
rights/salary-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
معلمان
mʊʔalɛm-ʌn
teacher-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
بود
bud
be.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
.
او
u
3S
افزود
afzud
add.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
حالا
hʌlʌ
now
نمی‌تواند
na-me-tawʌn-ad
NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and
the past continuous tense.-able-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
در
dar
in
این
in
this
مورد
mawrɛd
instance
وعده‌ای
waʔda-je
promise-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”
بدهد
bɛ-dɛh-ad
SUBJSubjunctive. This prefix attaches to the present tense stem of the verb and turns
it into a subjunctive.-give-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
،
اما
amʌ
but
تاکید
takid
emphasis
کرد
kard
do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
آموزگاران
ʌmʊzgʌr-ʌn
teacher-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.
و
wa
and
کارمندان
kʌrmand-ʌn-ɛ
employee-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ
instruction
و
wa
and
پرورش
parwarɛʃ
nurturing
باید
bʌjad
must
در
dar
in
ریشه‌کنی
riʃa-kan-i-jɛ
root-dig-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”). -EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
فساد
fɛsʌd
corruption
به
ba
to
دولت
dawlat
government
کمک
kʊmak
help
کنند
kʊn-and
do-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
.
.
رئیس
rajis-ɛ
boss-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
جمهوری
dʒamhur-i
republic-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).
گفت
gʊft
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
: "
فساد
fɛsʌd
corruption
را
rʌ
DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing
that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the
difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”
با
bʌ
with
اقدام
ɛqdʌm-ɛ
steps-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
اقدامThis is the plural of قدم [qadam] ‘step’, and is used to mean ‘measures’ just as it
is in English.
مشترک
mʊʃtarɛk
participatory
نابود
nʌ-bud
not-be.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
کنید
kʊn-ed
do-2PSecond person plural. In English this would be “you.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “you.” When this occurs on
a noun, it means “your.” (English doesn't have a different word for plural “you” except—for
some people—“y'all.”)
تا
tʌ
until
حقوق
hʊquq-ɛ
rights/salary-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
شما
ʃʊmʌ
you.pl
بالا
bʌlʌ
high
برود
bɛ-raw-ad
SUBJSubjunctive. This prefix attaches to the present tense stem of the verb and turns
it into a subjunctive.-go-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When
this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,”
“she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”
."
در
dar
in
این
in
this
مراسم
marʌsɛm
ceremony
فاروق
fʌruq
Faruq
وردک
wardak
Wardak
سرپرست
sarparast-ɛ
supervisor-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
وزارت
wʊzʌrat-ɛ
ministry-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ
instruction
و
wa
and
پرورش
parwarɛʃ
nurturing
گفت
gʊft
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
در
dar
in
سراسر
sarʌsar-ɛ
entirety-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
افغانستان
afɣʌnɛstʌn
Afghanistan
۲۱۷
du-sad-o-havda
two-hundred-and-seventeen
هزار
hazʌr
thousand
تن
tan
person
تنIn Iranian Persian, this word is used instead of تا [tʌ] or دانه [dʌna] when you're
counting people.
آموزگار
ʌmuzgʌr
teacher
مشغول
maʃɣul-ɛ
occupied-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
مشغولThis is a difficult phrase. It means, “218,000 teachers are occupied with teaching
11,500,00 teachers.” There's a similar construction in the next line, which you can
figure out for yourself.
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ-ɛ
instruction-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
یازده
jʌzda
eleven
میلیون
miljun
million
و
wa
and
۵۰۰
pandʒ-sad
five-hundred
هزار
hazʌr
thousand
دانش‌آموز
dʌnɛʃ-ʌmuz
wisdom-learn
هستند
hast-and
is-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
.
او
u
3S
گفت
gʊft
say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses,
but also participles.)
که
ke
that
در
dar
in
حال
hʌl-ɛ
situation-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
حاضر
hʌzɛr
present
۲۹۷
du-sad-o-nawad-o-haft
two-hundred-and-ninety-and-seven
مرکز
markaz-ɛ
center-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
تربیت
tarbijat-ɛ
education-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
معلم
malem
teacher
مشغول
maʃɣul-ɛ
occupied-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزش
ʌmuzɛʃ-ɛ
instruction-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
هشتاد
haʃtʌd
eighty
هزار
hazʌr
thousand
دانشجو
dʌnɛʃdʒu
student
هستند
hast-and
is-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
که
ke
that
سالانه
sʌlʌna
yearly
سی
si
thirty
هزار
hazʌr
thousand
آموزگار
ʌmuzgʌr
teacher
فارغ‌التحصیل
fʌrɛɣʊltahsil-ɛ
graduate-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
این
in
this
مراکز
marʌkɛz
centers
مراکزArabic plural of مرکز [markaz].
وارد
wʌrɛd-ɛ
entrance-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
نظام
nɛzʌm-ɛ
military/system-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
آموزشی
ʌmuzɛʃ-i-jɛ
instruction-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English
but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.
افغانستان
afɣʌnɛstʌn
Afghanistan
می‌شوند
me-ʃaw-and
CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and
the past continuous tense.-become-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end
of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs
on a noun, it means “their.”
.